Hallmarks of Ageing

Aging is frequently characterized by loss of physiological activity, which will eventually result in death. Tissue loss of condition is the human pathology risk factor that leads to cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. Genetic pathways and biochemical processes are deep in human evolution.

Hallmarks of ageing can be divided as follows:

• Genomic instability

• Shortening of telomeres

• Epigenetic changes

• Disturbed nutrient Identification

• Disruption of mitochondrial dysfunction

• Stem cells exhaustion

• Altered cell-mediated communications

It is a lot of the maintenance of homeostasis between tissues. Genomic instability refers to the accumulation of genetic damage to life along the way. Genome stability is influenced by extracellular threats, chemical and biological agents. Telomeres encapsulate the DNA mycelium ends and their length becomes shorter with age. Stem cells are formed throughout life, ie in hippocampus. Programmed cell death is a cells way to remove themselves from the picture when it’s too sick to repair the cellular damage. When the cells are stem cells, their number decreases, and the ability to regenerate tissues suffer.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is caused by oxidation but, above all, the replication errors. These replication errors can be caused by viruses. Viruses are capable of integration in mitochondral DNA resulting in  DNA replication disruption and mutation. Oxidation reactions, respectively, will interfere with the activity of mitochondrial enzymes.

Regeneration of tissues requires regular proliferation of cells. Epigenetics in addition to functional medicine is a groundbreaking scienctific area. Epigenetics is affecting our cells more than anything. DNA methylation affects the translation mechanisms and histones, and chromatin, and re-deformation. The most important nutrients are B vitamins, as they can disclose to nucleus methyl groups (CH3). In biological systems, the DNA and the amino acids lysine and arginine may be methylated.

Transcriptional changes affect the mRNA (messenger RNA) production. With age, the transcriptional changes occur, in particular inflammatory conditions, mitochondria, and lysosomal degradation related pathways.

Proteostasis and homeostasis go hand in hand. Have you seen a muscular elderly people in recent times; well I’ve not. Proteostasis means correctly formed proteins, or polypeptides. Defective proteins are broken up into the proteasome and lysosomes, but this function may be interrupted by age.

The altered cellular communication touches the IIS or insulin and IGF-1 signaling. So the best help is a low-calorie diet, which has been shown to increase the life cycle of both humans and other mammals. Overall our lifestyle affects you genetic response in profound ways and according to resent findings may even be passed on to our offspring.